What is the main cause of neurogenic shock?

Neurogenic shock primarily arises from a disruption in the autonomic nervous system, commonly due to a spinal cord injury or significant trauma to the central nervous system. This injury leads to the loss of sympathetic tone, resulting in widespread vasodilation and subsequently causing decreased systemic vascular resistance. The reduction in vascular tone can lead to a drop in blood pressure and inadequate perfusion of organs, which characterizes neurogenic shock.

In contrast, infection is associated with septic shock, loss of blood leads to hypovolemic shock, and fluid loss pertains to dehydration or conditions like anaphylactic shock where vasodilation occurs but due to allergic reactions. Each of those conditions has distinct pathophysiological underpinnings, but neurogenic shock is specifically a consequence of nervous system injury. Thus, understanding the neurological basis of neurogenic shock is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.